The eight super class terpenes identified by this pinnacle study include alpha-pinene, beta-caryophylene (BCP), humulene, limonene, linalool, myrcene, ocimene, and terpinolene.
Limonene is one of the most common terpenes in cannabis/hemp/marijuana and the second most common terpene throughout nature. This popular phytomolecule delivers an aroma and flavor that is fruity and citrus, with heavy notes of lemon that are sometimes described as "zesty."
This terpene is produced by many botanical species beyond cannabis, including caraway, dill, fennel, juniper, mint, oranges, pine, rosemary, lemons, lime, and grapefruit (it is most abundant in the peels of citrus fruits).
Like other terpenes and cannabinoids, limonene features multiple avenues of efficacy and may act as a positive therapeutic agent for a number of disease states, disorders, and conditions. Limonene's potential medicinal benefits include efficacy against anxiety and depression. It may also deliver potential antifungal and antibacterial benefits.
Historically, this terpene has been used to treat a number of diseases and conditions, including bronchitis, gallstones, and heartburn. Limonene is a common ingredient in a number of consumer product categories, including body creams, cosmetics, and fragrances.
Peer-reviewed scientific studies have revealed a range of potential positive medicinal outcomes delivered by limonene, including dominant anti-inflammatory, antidepressive, analgesic, and anticancer properties.
A study entitled "D-Limonene: Safety and Clinical Applications" that was published in the journal Alternative Medicine Review investigated the safety profile and potential toxicity of the d-limonene while also exploring the specific potential medicinal value conveyed by this terpene.
The research revealed medicinal value from limonene for a number of disease states and conditions, including gallstones, gastroesophageal reflux (heartburn), and cancer. "Three individuals with colorectal carcinoma, while on d-limonene, were able to suspend progression of the disease for over six months," reported the study. It also explained that a patient consuming limonene was able to stop the progression of a cancer for nine months and that another experienced a tumor size reduction of nearly 50 percent after being treated with limonene for about a year.
Just as significantly, the scientists concluded that d-limonene has been used successfully clinically to dissolve gallstones, to deliver relief to those suffering from heartburn (it conveys a neutralizing effect on gastric acid to improve peristalsis, or the chemical progress of digestion), and for its anticancer efficacy.
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